GBF行動目標15(ビジネス)の議論の経過
OEWG4で報告した同タイトルの記事のその後の経過についてご紹介します。
OEWG4の結果
OEWG4(ナイロビ会合)での議論の結果はCBD/WG2020/REC/4/1にまとめられており、行動目標15は以下のように記載されています。
“Take legal, administrative or policy measures to [ensure that all] [significantly increase the number or percentage of] business and financial institutions [, particularly those] [with significant impacts on biodiversity,] [and large and transnational companies] [, that]:
(a) [Through mandatory requirements] Regularly monitor, assess, and fully and transparently disclose their [dependencies and] impacts on biodiversity [along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios];
(b) [Provide information needed to consumers to enable the public to make responsible consumption choices];
(c) [Comply and report on access and benefit-sharing;]
(d) [Take legal responsibility for infractions] [, including through penalties, and liability and redress for damage and addressing conflicts of interest;]
(e) [Follow a rights-based approach] [, including human rights and the rights of Mother Earth.]
In order to [significantly] reduce [by half] negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and [moving towards sustainable patterns of production] [foster a circular economy] [, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other international obligations, together with Government regulations.]” (171単語、1,122文字)
非公式会合の結果
OEWG4で上手くまとまらなかったことから、いくつかの非公式会合が開催され、GBF含めて議論がなされました。その結果はCBD/WG2020/5/2にまとめられています。
“Take legal, administrative or policy measures to [ensure that all] [significantly increase the number or percentage of] business and financial institutions [, particularly large and transnational companies and companies with significant impacts on biodiversity,] [that]:
(a) [Through mandatory requirements] Regularly monitor, assess, and fully and transparently disclose their [dependencies and] impacts on biodiversity [along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios];
(b) [Provide information needed to consumers to enable the public to make responsible consumption choices];
(c) [Comply and report on access and benefit-sharing, as applicable;]
(d) [Take legal responsibility for infractions] [, including through penalties, and liability and redress for damage and addressing conflicts of interest;]
in order to [significantly] reduce [by half] negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and [moving towards sustainable patterns of production] [foster a circular economy] [, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other international obligations, together with Government regulations.]” (157単語、1,053文字)
OEWG5の結果
これを参考に、2022年12月3日～5日にCOP15と同じモントリオール国際会議場で開催されたOEWG5でGBF行動目標15の議論がなされました。残念ながら私は都合で12/4夕方にモントリオールに入ったため、OEWG5への参加は12/5のみで、既にその時には行動目標15の議論は終わっていました。成果文書CBD/WG2020/REC/5/1にまとめられています。
“Take legal, administrative or policy measures to [encourage and enable] business and [ensure that] [significantly increase the number or percentage of] large [as well as][and] transnational companies and financial institutions [and companies with significant impacts on biodiversity,]:
(a) [Through mandatory requirements] Regularly monitor, assess, and fully and transparently disclose their [[financially material] risks, dependencies and] impacts on biodiversity [along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios];
(b) [Provide information needed to consumers to enable the public to make responsible consumption choices];
(c) [Comply and report on access and benefit-sharing, as applicable;]
(d) [Take legal responsibility for infractions] [, including through penalties, and liability and redress for damage and addressing conflicts of interest;]
(e) [Follow a rights-based approach] [, including human rights and the rights of Mother Earth.]
in order to [significantly] reduce [by half] negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and [moving towards sustainable patterns of production] [foster a circular economy] [, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other international obligations, together with Government regulations.” (177単語、1,173文字)
青字はブラケットが外れた部分、赤字は追加された部分です。これを見ると非公式会合推奨文書どころかナイロビ会合結果よりも単語数/文字数が増えており、進展したとは言い難い状況です。
COP15での議論
行動目標15は12月13日にWG1のコンタクトグループで最初に議論されました。日本を含む複数の国が(a)に記載されている”mandatory”という単語を入れることに強い抵抗を示したことと、他の箇所に関してもブラケットを外すか否か、それとも削除するかについての議論がなかなか収束せず、議論は時間切れとなりました。12月15日のコンタクトグループで議論が再開され、”mandatory”に関しては、共同議長の力強い推進やオブザーバー(Business for Nature)の発言への会場参加者からの拍手喝采が功を奏したのか、日本から妥協案が示され他の国からの賛同も得られました。しかしながら、1つの国が「どうしても”mandatory”を削除したい」と譲らず、またも持ち越しになってしまいました。
COP15の会期も残り4日となりましたが、どういう形で決着するのか、予断を許さない状況です。
宮本育昌
(NPO法人アースデイ・エブリデイ)
